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A grenadier of the 43rd Regiment (left), 1751 by French and Indian War The regiment was raised at by Colonel as Thomas Fowke's Regiment of Foot in 1741. The regiment's first deployment was on garrison duties at in 1742. The regiment was numbered 54th Regiment of Foot from 1747 until 1751 when it became the 43rd Regiment of Foot.In May 1757 the 43rd sailed for North America, arriving at the following month to defend the British North American colonies during the (the North American Theatre of the ) against France. A detachment of the 43rd was defeated in a skirmish with and resistance fighters at near on 8 December 1757. The regiment had spent almost two years on garrison duties when, in 1759, as part of General force, it took part in the capture of gaining its first battle honour. The next campaign was in the where the 43rd took part in the in January 1762 and of later in the month from the French and the capture of In August 1762 from the Spanish.
American War of Independence The regiment returned to North America in 1774 and remained there throughout the. The 43rd were joined by the 52nd at in June 1774 and the two regiments fought side by side at in April 1775 and at in June 1775. The 43rd were at during the final siege and surrender in October 1781.The 43rd became the 43rd (Monmouthshire) Regiment of Foot in 1782.
The regiment returned to the West Indies in January 1794 to capture for the second time Martinique and Saint Lucia which following the peace treaty of 1763 had been returned to France. They were defeated at in 1794 by a much larger French force after defending their position for three months. Light Infantry In 1803, the 43rd, the 52nd and the 95th Rifles became the first Corps of Light Infantry and formed the Light Brigade at in under the command of Major-General. The regiment was re-titled as the 43rd (Monmouthshire) Regiment of Foot (Light Infantry). The 43rd was part of a force led by which in 1807 captured and the entire Danish fleet. Peninsular War.
The 43rd Regiment of Foot at the in April 1811 byIn August 1808, during the, the 43rd fought in the which drove Napoleon's forces from Portugal. The campaign against the French then moved to Spain where in January 1809 the regiment took part in the retreat to Vigo and; achieving fame as part of the rearguard to the army before returning to England. In May 1809 the 1st battalion of the 43rd, as part of Sir 's Light Brigade, sailed for to join Sir Arthur Wellesley's army. On landing at the 43rd moved to Spain to support Wellesley's forces there. The battalion's march of 250 miles from Lisbon to included a march of fifty-two miles in twenty-six hours in the hottest season of the year. The battle of Talavera had been won before the battalion arrived.
However, a company of the 43rd which had been at Lisbon from December 1808 fought in the battle as part of General Richard Stewart's brigade. In 1810 the 43rd formed part of the Light Division under the command of Sir Robert Craufurd.
The 43rd fought in the battle of the crossing of the in July 1810, the in September 1810 and the in April 1811. The 43rd also took part in the in May 1811, the assault on the fortress of in January 1812 and the in April 1812; when storming the breach the 43rd lost 20 officers and 335 men.The regiment went on to fight at the in July 1812 and the in June 1813 and then pursued the French Army into France where they saw action at the in November 1813, the in December 1813 and the in April 1814. Following the end of the Peninsular War in 1814 the Light Division was disbanded and the 43rd returned to England.The 2nd battalion of the 43rd was part of the in 1809 where many troops lost their lives to fever in the Scheldt marshes.
Battle of New Orleans The 43rd returned to America in 1814 as part of an expeditionary force which initially had some success but was defeated during the by the forces of in 1815. The regiment then returned to Europe.
The 43rd arrived in Belgium too late to fight in the on 18 June 1815. There were however a number of 43rd officers present during the battle including Lord and Major who both served on the Duke of Wellington's staff. The regiment formed part of the army of occupation in France until November 1818. Canada 1836-1846 The regiment served in from 1819 to 1823 and then at from 1823 to 1830. Following a period in England the 43rd returned to in 1836. The regiment under the overall command of commander-in-chief Canada took part in the suppression of the Rebellions of 1837. In December 1837, in severe weather conditions, the regiment marched from Fredericton to Quebec a distance of 370 miles of many forests, frozen rivers and mountainous terrain in a period of eighteen days.
The march received much attention in Canada and the Duke of Wellington expressed his high admiration for the arduous undertaking the 43rd had completed. The regiment left Canada for England in 1846 and was stationed in the south of England and then in Ireland until 1851. Southern Africa 1851-1853. 'The Wreck of the Birkenhead' (ca 1892) byThe 43rd were sent to South Africa for service in the in 1851. In 1852 a detachment from the regiment departed aboard the troopship bound for. At two o'clock in the morning on 28 February 1852, the ship struck rocks at Danger Point, just off. The troops assembled on deck, and allowed the, but then stood firm as the ship sank when told by officers that jumping overboard and swimming to the would mostly likely upset those boats and endanger the civilian passengers.
357 men drowned. The bravery and discipline shown by British troops which included a detachment of the 43rd under the command of Lieutenant Girardot during the ship-wreck received much publicity in England and abroad. Ordered that the story of the bravery shown during the sinking of the troopship be read out to each regiment of his army as an example of devotion to duty. Indian Mutiny The 43rd moved from South Africa to India arriving at Madras in January 1854. The regiment assisted in putting down the from 1857 to 1859. In the campaign, the regiment marched 1,300 miles in six months; from Southern India to Bengal and engaged in many actions with the enemy along the way. The regiment also won its first awarded to in 1859.
New Zealand Wars In September 1863, the 43rd left India to take part in the. The 43rd led the storming column at in April 1864 and took part in the assault on the fort at Te Ranga in June 1864.
Was awarded the for his bravery during an attack on a Maori trench. The regiment returned to England in February 1866.
Later history For the next fifteen years the regiment was mainly stationed abroad with only brief periods spent in the UK. The major operation it was engaged in during this time was in the suppression of the rebellion by the in Southern India in 1873.As part of the of the 1870s, where single-battalion regiments were linked together to share a single depot and recruiting district in the United Kingdom, the 43rd was linked with the, and assigned to district no. On 1 July 1881 the came into effect and the regiment amalgamated with the (Light Infantry) to form the 1st and 2nd battalions of the Oxfordshire Light Infantry (which became the in 1908). Battle Honours. Peninsular War:, Peninsula. Napoleonic Wars:. New Zealand Wars:.
Quebec 1759, South Africa 1851-2-3 ( awarded to successor regiment, 1882). Martinique 1762, Havannah, Martinique 1794 ( awarded to successor regiment, 1909). Pyrenees ( awarded to successor regiment, 1910)Victoria Cross recipients. was awarded the in 1859 for his involvement in the. received the VC in 1864 for his part in the.Colonels of the Regiment Colonels of the regiment included:. 1741: Lt-Gen.
1741–1746: Brig-Gen. 1746–1761: Lt-Gen. James KennedyThe 43rd Regiment of Foot - (1751). 1761–1762: Maj-Gen.
Sharrington Talbot. 1762–1766: Lt-Gen. Bennet Noel.
1766–1792: Gen. George Carey43rd (Monmouthshire) Regiment of Foot (Light Infantry) - (1803). 1792–1809: Gen Edward Smith. 1809–1839: Gen Rt Hon Sir, KB KC. 1839–1844: Lt-Gen. Sir of Ghuznee, GCB, GCH.
1844–1850: Lt-Gen. Sir, KCB.
1850–1865: Gen. Sir, GCB. 1865–1866: Gen. Sir James, GCB, KH.
1866–1869: Lt-Gen. Sir, KCB, KH.
1869–1881: Gen. Sir, GCBSee also. where the officers and men of the Regiment were shipwrecked in 1760References.
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59. Levinge, p. 61. Levinge, p. 78. Levinge, p. 86.
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96. Levinge, p. 98. Booth, p. 22. Levinge, p.
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125. Newbolt p. 92. Levinge, p.
130. Levinge, p. 131. Levinge, p. 134.
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158. Levinge, p. 160. Booth, p. 38.
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194. Levinge, p. 207. Levinge, p. 212.
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116. ^ Booth, p.51. ^ Newbolt, p. 130.
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65. Newbolt, pp.154–155. Levinge, p. 246. Levinge, p. Retrieved 12 May 2013.
Newbolt, p. 156. Levinge, p. 272. Draper, pp. 2 September 1859.
P. 3302. Levinge, p. 280. Levinge, p.
283. Levinge, p.
Lord Ashcroft Collection. Retrieved 24 December 2016. Levinge, p. 292.
Newbolt, p. 165–168. Booth, p. Archived from on 10 February 2006. Retrieved 16 October 2016.Sources.
Booth, Philip (1971). Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry (Famous Regiments). Leo Cooper.
Draper, Robin Anthony (2015). Redcoats to Riflemen: A Short History of the Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire County Regiment. Royal Green Jackets Museum Trust. Levinge, Sir Richard (2014).
Naval and Military Press. Newbolt, Sir Henry (1915). The Story of the Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry (The old 43rd and 52nd Regiments). Naval and Military Press.Further reading. Napier, Sir William (1992). History of the War in the Peninsula.
Constable. Snow, Peter (2011). To War with Wellington. John Murray (Publishers). Tillett, J.M.A. An Outline History of the Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry 1741-1992. The Regiment.
Urban, Mark (2004). Faber and Faber.External links.
Archived from the original on 29 December 2006. Retrieved 8 July 2016. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown.